Mood, sleep and calmness.

• Helps enhance and stabilize mood
• May promote calmness and relaxation
• Supports healthy sleep quality
• Promotes sleep
• Assists in releasing mental tension
• Helps to clear the mind
• Promotes normal regulation of enzyme and hormone production
• Promotes cognitive health
• Provides antioxidant protections

It’s hard to feel balanced and grounded sometimes, especially when restless and worrying thoughts cut into your downtime. Sometimes you just need to free yourself from life’s to-do lists and halt the brakes on your ruminating mind. Bring some calmness into your life with Isotonix Essentials^®. Designed for relaxation, Isotonix Essentials^® Turn Down features a custom blend of vitamins, amino acids and minerals all in one easy-to-use packet. The formula contains effective key ingredients to help you quiet down your body, promote mental clarity, control mental tension and support healthy sleep quality. Many people can benefit from slowing down life a little. According to the American Institute of Stress, 77% of people regularly experience physical symptoms caused by stress (e.g. fatigue, headache, muscle tension); 76% regularly experience psychological symptoms caused by stress.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product(s) is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

L-Tryptophan
In the body, tryptophan is converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan, which then can be converted into serotonin. The body cannot naturally produce this amino acid; therefore, it must be a part of the diet or ingested through supplementation. Tryptophan is a component of many animal and plant proteins. Food sources of tryptophan are dairy products, beef, poultry, barley, brown rice, fish, soybeans and peanuts.*

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin C is found in peppers (sweet, green, red, hot red and green chili), citrus fruits and brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, collards, mustard greens, broccoli, spinach, guava, kiwi fruit, currants and strawberries. Nuts and grains contain small amounts of vitamin C. It is important to note that cooking destroys vitamin C activity. Vitamin C is integral in supporting a healthy immune system, promoting cardiovascular health, helping to maintain healthy cholesterol levels and providing an antioxidant defense. The body does not manufacture vitamin C on its own, nor does it store it. Therefore, vitamin C must be acquired through diet and supplementation.*

Potassium (Biocarbonate)
Potassium is an electrolyte stored in the muscles. Foods rich in potassium include bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, avocado, raw spinach, cabbage and celery. Potassium is an essential macromineral that helps maintain fluid balance in the body. It also supports a wide variety of biochemical and physiological processes. Among other things, potassium supports the normal transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle, synthesis of nucleic acids, maintenance of intracellular tonicity and maintenance of normal blood pressure. In 1928, it was first suggested that high potassium intake could help maintain cardiovascular health. Potassium supports normal muscle relaxation and insulin release. It also promotes glycogen and protein synthesis. Potassium is an electrolyte that promotes normal heartbeat. Potassium supports the body’s ability to regulate water balance, recover from exercise and eliminate wastes.*

Calcium (Lactate, Carbonate, Sulfate, Citrate)
The highest concentration of calcium is found in milk. Other foods rich in calcium include vegetables such as collard greens, Chinese cabbage, mustard greens, broccoli, bok choy and tofu. Calcium is an essential mineral with a wide range of biological roles. Calcium exists in bone primarily in the form of hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2). Hydroxyapatite accounts for approximately 40 percent of bone weight. The skeleton has a structural requisite and acts as a storehouse for calcium. Apart from being a major component of bones and teeth, calcium supports normal muscle contraction, nerve health, heart rhythms, blood coagulation, glandular secretion, energy production and immune system function.* Sufficient daily calcium intake is necessary for maintaining optimal bone density, healthy bones and teeth and has been shown to ease the discomfort of PMS in women. When the body does not get enough calcium per day, it draws calcium from your bones. The amount of calcium in the blood is regulated by PTH (parathyroid hormone). High levels of calcium in the body correlate with normal cardiovascular health and maintaining normal cholesterol levels. In the American Dietetic Association Journal, a study revealed that calcium helped middle-aged women to maintain healthy weight levels.*

Magnesium (Carbonate, Citrate, Glycinate, Oxide)
Magnesium is a component of the mineralized part of bone and supports the normal metabolism of potassium and calcium in adults. It helps maintain normal levels of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, adrenaline and insulin. It also promotes the normal mobilization of calcium, transporting it inside the cell for further utilization. It plays a key role in supporting the normal functioning of muscle and nervous tissue. Magnesium promotes the normal synthesis of all proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, lipids and carbohydrates. Magnesium works together with calcium to help maintain the normal regulation of the heart and blood pressure. Importantly, magnesium also supports the body’s ability to build healthy bones and teeth, and promotes proper muscle development. It works together with calcium and vitamin D to help keep bones strong. Magnesium also promotes cardiovascular health by  supporting normal platelet activity and helping to maintain normal cholesterol levels.*

Niacin (as Niacinamide)
Niacin plays an essential role as a coenzyme (NAPH/ NADPH) for about 200 enzymes which promote normal tissue respiration, synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones, the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids, and the transport of hydrogen. When niacin levels are low, the body can use L-tryptophan to manufacture the vitamin. To produce 1 mg of niacin, the body must use 60 mg of L-tryptophan, a process which can rapidly deplete L-tryptophan levels. When niacin levels are sufficient, L-tryptophan can be used for other needs such as retaining healthy levels of serotonin.*

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl)
Vitamin B6 promotes the normal conduction of nerve impulses, regulation of steroid hormones, catabolism of glycogen for glucose, heme synthesis, and the synthesis/metabolism of amino acids and neurotransmitters. After conversion to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), vitamin B6 acts as a cofactor for many enzymatic reactions involving L-tryptophan, including L-tryptophan’s conversion to serotonin.*

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Vitamin B2 is found in liver, dairy products, dark green vegetables and some types of seafood. It serves as a coenzyme, working with other B vitamins. It promotes healthy red blood cell formation, supports the nervous system, respiration, antibody production and normal human growth. It supports healthy skin, nails, hair growth and promotes normal thyroid activity (a healthy thyroid is essential in maintaining a healthy weight, among other things). Vitamin B2 supports the body's ability to turn food into energy as a part of the electron transport chain, driving cellular energy on the micro-level. Riboflavin can be useful for pregnant or lactating women, as well as athletes due to their higher caloric needs. Vitamin B2 also promotes the normal breakdown of fats. Vitamin B2 is water-soluble and cannot be stored by the body except in insignificant amounts. It must be replenished daily.*

Manganese (Sulfate)
Manganese is a mineral found in large quantities in both plant and animal matter. The most valuable dietary sources of manganese include whole grains, nuts, leafy vegetables and teas. Manganese is concentrated in the bran of grains, which is often removed during processing. Only trace amounts of this element can be found in human tissue. Manganese is predominantly stored in the bones, liver, kidney and pancreas. It supports the normal formation of connective tissue, bones, blood-clotting factors and sex hormones. It supports normal fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption and blood sugar regulation. Manganese also promotes normal brain and nerve function. Manganese is a component of the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Antioxidants scavenge free radicals that occur naturally in the body but can possibly contribute to the aging process. Antioxidants such as MnSOD can neutralize free radicals. Some experts estimate that as many as 37 percent of Americans do not get the recommended daily amounts of manganese in their diet. This may be due to the fact that whole grains are a major source of dietary manganese, and many Americans consume refined grains more often than whole grains. Refined grains provide half the amount of manganese as whole grains.*

Boron (Citrate)
Boron is a mineral found at high levels in plant foods such as dried fruits, nuts, dark green, leafy vegetables, applesauce, grape juice and cooked dried beans and peas. Boron is found in most tissues, but mainly in the bone, spleen and thyroid. Boron supports normal bone and hormone metabolism. Boron supports the body’s ability to build and maintain healthy bones. It also helps retain adequate amounts of calcium and magnesium to promote proper bone mineralization. Boron is an essential cofactor for the converting vitamin D to its active form. It helps maintain healthy cell membranes, supports proper mental functioning and alertness, and supports normal serum estrogen levels and ionized calcium.*

Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
Regular sunlight exposure is the main way that most humans get their vitamin D. Food sources of vitamin D include vitamin D-fortified milk (100 IU per cup), cod liver oil and fatty fish such as salmon, and small amounts are found in egg yolks and liver. Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and supports the production of several proteins involved in calcium absorption and storage. Vitamin D works with calcium to promote strong, hard bones. It supports normal transport of calcium out of the osteoblasts into the extra-cellular fluid and in the kidneys. It also promotes normal calcium and phosphate re-uptake through the renal tubules and intestinal epithelium. It supports normal skin cell growth and helps maintain normal production of insulin by the pancreas.*

Vitamin A (1% as Beta Carotene)
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Sources of vitamin A include organ meats (such as liver and kidney), egg yolks, butter, carrot juice, squash, sweet potatoes, spinach, peaches, fortified dairy products and cod liver oil. Vitamin A is also part of a family of compounds, including retinol, retinal and beta-carotene. All the body’s tissues use Vitamin A for normal growth and repair.*

• aan het Rot, M., et al. Social behaviour and mood in everyday life: the effects of tryptophan in quarrelsome individuals. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 31(4): 253-262, 2006.
• Baly DL, Schneiderman JS, Garcia-Welsh AL. Effect of manganese deficiency on insulin binding, glucose transport and metabolism in rat adipocytes. J Nutr. 1990; 120:1075-1079. 
• Beattie JH, Peace HS. The influence of a low-boron diet and boron supplementation on bone, major mineral and sex steroid metabolism in postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr. 1993 May;69(3):871-84. 
• Brilla, L. R., et al. Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 11(3):326-329, 1992.
• Cools, R., et al. Tryptophan depletion disrupts the motivational guidance of goal-directed behavior as a function of trait impulsivity. Neuropsychopharmacology. 30:1362-1373, 2005.
• Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density on men and women 65 years of age and older. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337:670-676. 
• Del-Ben, C., et al. Serotonergic modulation of face-emotion recognition. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 41(4): 263-269, 2008.
• Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997. 
• Durlach J, Durlach V, Bac P, et al. Magnesium and therapeutics. Magnes Res. 1994; 7:313-328. 
• Griffiths , W., et al. Tryptophan and sleep in young adults. Psychophysiology. 9(3): 345-356, 1972.
• Gruber H et al. Magnesium deficiency: effect on bone mineral density in the mouse appendicular skeleton. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 4(1):7, 2003.
• Hartmann, E. and Spinweber, C. Sleep induced by L-tryptophan. Effect of dosages within the normal dietary intake. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 167(8): 497-499, 1979.
• Huskisson E et al. The influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. J Int Med Res. 35(1):1-19, 2007. Review.
• Hussain S, Ali SF. Manganese scavenges superoxide and hydroxyl radicals: an in vitro study in rats. Neuroscience Letters. 1999; 261:21-24. 
• Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National Academy Press. Washington, DC, 1999.
• Keen CL, Ensunsa JL, Watson MH, et al. Nutritional aspects of manganese from experimental studies. Neurotoxicol. 1999; 20:213-223. 
• Kobrin SM and Goldfarb S. Magnesium Deficiency. Semin Nephrol. 10:525-35, 1990.
• Martini LA. Magnesium supplementation and bone turnover. Nutr Rev. 1999; 57:227-229. 
• Murphy, S., et al. Tryptophan supplementation induces a positive bias in the processing of emotional material in healthy female volunteers. Psychopharmacology ( Berlin ). 187(1): 121-130, 2006.
• Naghii MR, Wall PM, Samman S. The boron content of selected foods and the estimation of its daily intake among free-living subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 1996 Dec;15(6):614-9. 
• New SA et al. Nutritional influences on bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 65:1831-9, 1997.
• Newnham RE. Essentiality of boron for healthy bones and joints. Environ Health Perspect. 1994;102:83-85 
• Nielsen FH. Studies on the relationship between boron and magnesium which possibly affects the formation and maintenance of bones. Magnes Trace Elem. 1990;9:61-69 
• Nielsen FH. Ultratrace minerals. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:283-303. 
• Penland J.G. The importance of boron nutrition for brain and psychological function. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998; 66:299-317.
• Reid IR, Ames RW, Evans MC, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:460-464. 
• Rubinsztein, J., et al. Acute dietary tryptophan depletion impairs maintenance of “affective set” and delayed visual recognition in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology. 154: 319-326, 2001.
• Russo, S, et al. Tryptophan as a link between psychopathology and somatic states. Psychosomatic Medicine. 65: 665-671, 2003.
• Ryder K et al. Magnesium intake from food and supplements is associated with bone mineral density in healthy older white subjects. J Am Geriatr Soc. 53(11):1875-1880, 2005.
• Saris NE, Mervaala E, et al. Magnesium: an update on physiological, clinical, and analytical aspects. Clinica Chimica Acta. 294:1-26, 2000.
• Saris N-EL, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, et al. Magnesium. An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects (review). Clinica Chimica Acta. 2000; 294:1-26. 
• Saris, N.-E. L., et al. Magnesium: an update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. Clinica Chimica Acta. 294:1-26, 2000.
• Shils ME. Magnesium. In: Shils M, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:169-192. 
• Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA. 2000; 283:2822-2825. 
• Steritei, R. How to get a good night’s sleep with tryptophan. NaturDoctor. 2007. (www.naturdoctor.com/Chapters/Research/Insomnia.pdf)
• Sutherland B, Strong P, King JC. Determining human dietary requirements for boron. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998 Winter;66(1-3):193-204. 
• Talbot JR, Guardo P, Seccia S, et al. Calcium bioavailability and parathyroid hormone acute changes after oral intake of dairy and nondairy products in healthy volunteers. Osteoporosis Int. 1999; 10:137-142. 
• Tranquilli AL et al. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium intakes correlate with bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 8:55-8, 1994.
• Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Kiel DP. Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 69(4):727-36, 1999.
• Voderholzer, U., et al. Impact of experimentally induced serotonin deficiency by tryptophan depletion on sleep EEG in healthy subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 18(2): 112-124, 1998.
• Volpe SL, Taper LJ, Meacham S. The relationship between boron and magnesium status and bone mineral density in the human: a review. Magnes Res. 1993;6:291-296 
• Vormann J. Magnesium: nutrition and metabolism. Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 24:27-37, 2003.
• Weaver CM, Heaney RP. Calcium. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:141-155. 
• Wester PO. Magnesium. Am J Clin Nutr. 45:1305-12, 1987.
• Wolf RL, Cauley JA, Baker CE, et al. Factors associated with calcium absorption efficiency in pre- and perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72:466-471. 
• Yu-Yahiro, J. A. Electrolytes and their relationship to normal and abnormal muscle function. Orthop Nurs. 13(5):38-40, 1994.