Potassium (Bicarbonate, Chloride)
Foods rich in potassium include fresh vegetables and fruits such as bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, avocado, raw spinach, cabbage and celery. Potassium is an essential macromineral that helps to maintain normal fluid balance in the body. It also supports a wide variety of biochemical and physiological processes. Among other things, it supports normal nerve impulses, cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle contractions, energy production, synthesis of nucleic acids, and helps maintain intracellular tonicity and normal blood pressure. Potassium promotes normal muscle relaxation and insulin release. It also promotes glycogen and protein synthesis. Potassium is an electrolyte that promotes proper heartbeat. Potassium is important in releasing energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism.* Potassium also helps support normal water balance in the body. Potassium supports the normal elimination of wastes. Potassium promotes normal healing and generally contributes to a sense of well-being. Potassium is stored in the muscles.*

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that has a number of biological functions. Vitamin C is found in peppers (sweet, green, red, hot red and green chili), citrus fruits and brussel sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, collards, mustard greens, broccoli, spinach, guava, kiwi fruit, currants and strawberries. Nuts and grains contain small amounts of vitamin C. It is important to note that cooking destroys vitamin C activity. Vitamin C supports normal tissue repair, healing and dopamine production. Vitamin C is integral in supporting a healthy immune system, promoting cardiovascular health, helping to maintain healthy cholesterol levels and providing an antioxidant defense. The body does not manufacture vitamin C on its own, nor does it store it. Therefore, Vitamin C must be acquired through diet and supplementation.*

Magnesium (Carbonate, Lactate)
Foods rich in magnesium include unpolished grains, nuts and green vegetables. Green leafy vegetables are potent sources of magnesium because of their chlorophyll content. Meats, starches and milk are less rich sources of magnesium. Refined and processed foods are generally quite low in magnesium. Magnesium, an essential mineral, promotes normal function of over 300 enzymes, specifically those enzymes responsible for the production of neurotransmitters in the brain.* Magnesium is a component of the mineralized part of bone and supports the normal metabolism of potassium and calcium in adults. It helps maintain normal levels of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, adrenaline and insulin. It is also important for the mobilization of calcium, transporting it inside the cell for further utilization. It supports normal muscle function and nervous tissue. Magnesium supports the normal synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, lipids and carbohydrates.* Magnesium is required for release of energy and it promotes the normal regulation of body temperature and proper nerve function, it helps the body handle stress, and it promotes a healthy metabolism. Magnesium works together with calcium to help maintain normal blood pressure. It works together with calcium and vitamin D to help keep bones strong. Magnesium also promotes cardiovascular health by supporting normal platelet activity and helping to maintain normal cholesterol levels.* Magnesium supports a number of other metabolic pathways including bone, protein and fatty acid formation, B vitamin activation, muscle relaxation, blood clotting and formation of adenosine triphosphate.*

Calcium (Lactate, Carbonate, Sulfate)
Calcium is found in milk, cheese, yogurt, corn tortillas, Chinese cabbage (Napa), kale and broccoli. Calcium is an essential mineral with a wide range of biological roles. Calcium exists in bone primarily in the form of hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH) 2). Hydroxyapatite comprises approximately 40 percent of the weight of bone. The skeleton has an obvious structural requisite for calcium. The skeleton also acts as a storehouse for calcium. Apart from being a major constituent of bones and teeth, calcium promotes normal muscle contraction, nerve conduction, cardiovascular health, the production of energy and helps maintain a healthy immune system.* A sufficient daily calcium intake is necessary for maintaining bone density and maintaining healthy teeth and bones. When the body does not obtain enough calcium each day, it draws calcium from the bones causing them to thin.* The PTH (parathyroid hormone) regulates the amount of calcium in the blood. High levels of calcium in the body have been associated with cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women and maintaining normal cholesterol levels. Low levels of calcium have been associated with reduced bone mass.*

Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 belongs to a family of substances called ubiquinones and is a fat-soluble, wax-like substance that is part of the respiratory chain. It is synthesized in the cells and is involved in electron transport and energy production in mitochondria where about 95 percent of the total energy required by the human body is generated. In the cellular system, CoQ10 supports the generation of energy from oxygen, in the form of ATP. CoQ10 also exhibits activity as a free radical scavenger and an antioxidant. The antioxidant activity in the mitochondria and cell membranes protects against peroxidation of lipid membranes.* Coenzyme Q10 can be found in spinach, broccoli, nuts, meats and fish. In the body, it is found in highest concentration in the cells of the heart, liver, kidney, spleen and pancreas, which all require vast amounts of energy. Supplementation with CoQ10 may be most beneficial for adults because the levels of CoQ10 in the body tend to peak around the age of 20 and then decline with age.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl, Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate)
Pyridoxal-5-phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6. Poultry, fish, whole grains and bananas are the main dietary sources of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 supports numerous metabolic pathways in the body, supports normal protein and amino acid metabolism and helps maintain proper fluid balance.* P5P supports the normal synthesis of neurotransmitters in the brain and peripheral nerve cells. It has been recommended as a nutrient to support mood, and it supports normal nerve conduction. Vitamin B6 also promotes the normal production of glutathione, which is essential for detoxification.* Vitamin B6 supports the maintenance of healthy red and white blood cells, and hemoglobin synthesis. Vitamin B6, when taken with folic acid, has been shown to support cardiovascular health. Vitamin B6 should be taken as a part of a complex of other B-vitamins for best results.*

Carnitine (Tartate)
L-carnitine is an amino acid that is found in nearly all cells of the body. L-carnitine supports fat metabolism in the heart, organs and tissue. L-carnitine occurs naturally in animal products and only very small amounts are found in plants, with a few exceptions, such as avocado and some fermented soy products. It also plays an essential role in the transportation of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria of the cell, which results in additional energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). L-carnitine is synthesized in the body, mainly in the liver and kidneys, from the essential amino acids L-lysine and L-methionine.*

Niacin (as Niacinamide)
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, supports energy production in the body. It works with vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 to support the release of energy from carbohydrates. Similar to vitamin B6 and folic acid, niacin helps support the body's normal renewal of tissues.*

Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopheryl acetate)
The most valuable sources of dietary vitamin E include vegetable oils, margarine, nuts, seeds, avocados and wheat germ. Safflower oil contains large amounts of vitamin E (about two thirds of the RDA in ¼ cup) and there are trace amounts in corn oil and soybean oil. Vitamin E is actually a family of related compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols. Vitamin E is available in a natural or synthetic form. In most cases, the natural and synthetic forms are identical except the natural form of vitamin E is better absorbed and retained in the body. The natural form of alpha-tocopherol is known as "d-alpha tocopherol”. The synthetic "dl-" form is the most common form found in dietary supplements. For those individuals watching their dietary fat consumption, which is relatively common in the world of dieting, vitamin E intake is likely to be low, due to a reduced intake of foods with high fat content.* The main health benefits of supplemental vitamin E come from its support of immune health and its antioxidant activity. It also supports normal healing and is known to promote cardiovascular health. Vitamin E is one of the most powerful fat-soluble antioxidants in the body. In turn, vitamin E protects cell membranes from free radicals.*

Pantothenic Acid (D-Calcium Pantothenate)
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in energy production and the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which supports brain health. Pantothenic acid works together with vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin B3 to support the body’s normal production of the fuel our body runs on, ATP. It also promotes the normal production, transport, and release of energy from fats. Pantothenic acid promotes the normal secretion of hormones.*

Iron (Pyrophosphate, SunActive^® Fe^†)
Iron is mainly found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, beans, peas, fortified bread and grain products such as cereal (non-heme iron sources). Beef, liver, organ meats and poultry comprise the heme iron sources. The heme iron sources are more absorbable than the non-heme type of iron. Iron is an essential mineral. It is a component of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in the blood, and myoglobin, another protein that carries oxygen in muscle tissue. Iron promotes normal red blood cell formation.* Iron plays a part in many imperative biochemical pathways and enzyme systems including those involved with energy metabolism, neurotransmitter production (serotonin and dopamine), collagen formation and immune system function. Young children, adult men and elderly women are less likely to require supplemental iron in their diets and should consult their physician before taking iron supplements (due to the risk of excessive iron). Iron has been found to promote normal oxygen transport, thus improving exercise capacity, stimulate the immune system, increase energy levels and promote normal production of neurotransmitters and collagen.*

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin that promotes the normal processing of amino acids and fats, activation of vitamin B6 and folic acid, and supports the conversion of carbohydrates into the fuel the body runs on, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It also promotes healthy red blood cell formation, supports the nervous system, respiration, antibody production and normal human growth.*

Zinc (Lactate)
Zinc is largely found in fortified cereals, red meats, eggs, poultry and certain seafood including oysters. It is a component of multiple enzymes and proteins. It also supports the body’s regulation of gene expression. Zinc is an essential trace mineral that has functions in approximately 300 different enzyme reactions. Thus, zinc plays a part in almost all biochemical pathways and physiological processes. More than 90 percent of the body’s zinc is stored in the bones and muscles, but zinc is also found in virtually all body tissues. It has been claimed that zinc supports normal healing, supports the immune system and promotes a healthy prostate gland. Because zinc is involved in such a great number of enzymatic processes it has been found to support a large range of functions including digestion, energy production, growth, cellular repair, collagen synthesis, bone strength, cognitive function and carbohydrate metabolism.* 

Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin that promotes normal processing of carbohydrates, fat and protein. Every cell of the body requires vitamin B1 to support the body’s normal production of the fuel the body runs on, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Vitamin B1 promotes normal functioning of nerve cells and supports carbohydrate metabolism. B1 helps maintain a healthy nervous system by supporting the normal production of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).*

Lipase
Lipase is a fat-digesting enzyme that supports the body's normal breakdown of dietary fats into an absorbable form. Lipases, such as human pancreatic lipase, support the normal conversion of triglyceride substrates found in oils from food to monoglycerides and free fatty acids. Some lipases also work within the interior spaces of living cells to support the normal degradation of lipids.*

Boron (Citrate)
Boron is a mineral found at high levels in plant foods such as dried fruits, nuts, dark green leafy vegetables, applesauce, grape juice and cooked dried beans and peas. Boron is found in most tissues, but mainly in the bone, spleen and thyroid. Boron supports normal bone and hormone metabolism. Boron supports the body’s ability to build and maintain healthy bones. It also helps the body retain calcium and magnesium to promote proper bone mineralization. Boron is an essential cofactor for the conversion of vitamin D to its active form. It supports the maintenance of healthy cell membranes, proper mental functioning and alertness, and helps maintain normal serum estrogen levels and ionized calcium.*

Manganese (Gluconate)
Manganese is a mineral found in large quantities in both plant and animal matter. The most valuable dietary sources of manganese include whole grains, nuts, leafy vegetables and teas. Manganese is concentrated in the bran of grains, which is often removed during processing. There are several forms of supplementary manganese including manganese gluconate, manganese sulfate, manganese ascorbate, and manganese amino acid chelates. Only trace amounts of this element can be found in human tissue. Manganese is predominantly stored in the bones, liver, kidney and pancreas. It supports the normal formation of connective tissue, bones, blood-clotting factors and sex hormones. It promotes normal fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption and helps maintain normal blood sugar levels. Manganese also promotes brain and nerve health.* Manganese may promote the normal use of nutrients including biotin, thiamin, ascorbic acid and choline.

Vitamin A (1 and 20% of Beta Carotene)
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Sources of vitamin A include organ meats (such as liver and kidney), egg yolks, butter, carrot juice, squash, sweet potatoes, spinach, peaches, fortified dairy products and cod liver oil. Vitamin A is also part of a family of compounds including retinol, retinal and beta-carotene. Beta-carotene, also known as pro-vitamin A, can be converted into vitamin A when additional levels are required. All of the body’s tissues need Vitamin A to support normal growth and repair. Vitamin A helps to promote healthy vision and normal bone growth and supports an antioxidant defense and a healthy immune system.* Taking beta-carotene by mouth along with vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc daily, seems to support eye health *

Folate [as (6S)-5methyltetrahydrofolic sodium]

Folic acid is mainly found in fruits and vegetables. Dark, leafy greens, oranges, orange juice, beans, peas and Brewer’s yeast are the best sources. Folic acid boosts the benefits of B12 supplementation. These two B vitamins join forces and work together to help maintain normal red blood cells. Folic acid assists in the normal utilization of amino acids and proteins, as well as supporting the construction of the material for DNA and RNA synthesis, which is necessary for all bodily functions. Scientific studies have found that when working in tandem with folic acid, B12 is capable of promoting normal homocysteine levels. This works toward supporting a healthy cardiovascular and nervous system.* 

Chromium (Arginate, Nicotinate, Picolinate)
Chromium is found naturally in some cereals, meats, poultry, brewer’s yeast, broccoli, prunes mushrooms, fish and beer. It is an essential trace mineral that promotes normal glucose metabolism and helps the body maintain healthy blood levels of cholesterol and other fats. Chromium combines to form something in the body called glucose tolerance factor, or GTF, which helps the body maintain normal blood sugar levels. Many people in the weight-loss industry view chromium as an integral mineral in weight maintenance. *

Biotin
Biotin, a water-soluble B-vitamin, acts as a coenzyme to support the normal metabolism of protein, fats, and carbohydrates. Biotin can be found in food sources such as egg yolks, peanuts, beef liver, milk, cereals, almonds and Brewer’s yeast. Biotin promotes healthy cell growth and the normal production of fatty acids, metabolism of fats and amino acids. It supports the citric acid cycle, which is the process in which energy is generated during exercise. Biotin is also helpful in maintaining steady blood sugar levels, and is often recommended to support strong hair and nails.* Biotin also supports various metabolic chemical conversions. Aging adults get the energy they need from food through metabolism - the chemical reactions in the body's cells that convert the fuel from food into the energy needed to do everything from moving to thinking.*

Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
Regular sunlight exposure is the main way that most humans get their vitamin D. Food sources of vitamin D are vitamin D-fortified milk (100 IU per cup), cod liver oil, and fatty fish such as salmon. Small amounts are found in egg yolks and liver. Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and supports the production of several proteins involved in calcium absorption and storage. Vitamin D works with calcium to promote hard, strong bones. It works to promote active transport of calcium out of the osteoblasts into the extra-cellular fluid and in the kidneys, promotes calcium and phosphate uptake by renal tubules. Vitamin D also promotes the normal absorption of dietary calcium and phosphate uptake by the intestinal epithelium. It promotes healthy growth and repair of tissues, and supports overall skin health.* Vitamin D supports brain health, and is also helpful in promoting normal glutathione levels which support normal detoxification of the body. In addition to supporting strong bones, vitamin D promotes muscle strength and neuromuscular function.*

Copper (Gluconate)
The richest sources of dietary copper derive from organ meats, seafood, nuts, seeds, wheat bran cereal, whole grain products and cocoa products. Copper may have some antioxidant properties and acts as a component of enzymes in iron metabolism. It is an essential trace mineral. Copper supports normal infant development, iron transport, bone strength, cholesterol metabolism, myocardial contractility, glucose metabolism, brain health and immune function.*

Iodine (Potassium Iodide)
Iodine is found in most seafood and in iodized salt. The trace element supports more than a hundred enzyme systems such as energy production, nerve function and hair and skin growth. One of iodine's main functions includes supporting the thyroid gland in producing thyroid hormones thyroxin and tri-iodothyronine, which help regulate and maintain a properly functioning metabolism.*

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7)
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin found meat, eggs, dairy and natto. Although a fat-soluble vitamin, the body stores very little K2, and its stores are rapidly depleted without regular dietary intake. Natural vitamin K2, also known as menaquinone-7 (MK-7), is the most bioavailable form of K2 and has the longest half-life in the blood of any form of vitamin K. The Japanese soy food natto is particularly rich in menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Studies of natto consumption in Japan have linked menaquinone-7 to supporting bone and cardiovascular health. The correlation of vitamin K to cardiovascular and bone health directly focuses on supporting proper calcium utilization, whereby adequate metabolism of calcium supports arterial and bone health. This is often referred to as the calcium paradox.* The calcium paradox is explained simply as getting calcium in the right place (i.e., into the bone structures instead of the arterial vessel walls). These events are dependent upon the synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent proteins osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein in a process called carboxylation. The carboxylation of these proteins is a post-translational step; that is, osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein are translated from their respective messenger RNA and then modified by enzymes to the active forms. These carboxylated forms support the healthy binding and releasing of calcium. This reaction is essential for optimal and healthy utilization of calcium. Vitamin K2 promotes the synthesis of proteins involved with calcium utilization, thereby supporting bone retention and arterial health. While vitamin D supports the healthy regulation and synthesis of osteocalcin, the mineral-binding capacity of this protein requires vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and is thought to support normal bone mineralization. Gas6 is a vitamin K-dependent protein found throughout the nervous system, as well in the heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys and cartilage. Although the exact mechanism of its action has not been determined, Gas6 appears to support cellular health.*

Molybdenum (Sodium molybdate)
Molybdenum is a trace essential mineral that works to support the normal break down of proteins and other substances in the body, and promotes the proper function of enzymes. Molybdenum is stored in the body, especially in the liver, kidneys, glands, and bones. Food sources of this mineral include cheese, cereal grains, legumes, nuts, leafy vegetables, and organ meats. The mineral can also be found in water.* 

Selenium (Methionine)
The best dietary sources of selenium include nuts, unrefined grains, brown rice, wheat germ, and seafood. In the body, selenium functions as part of an antioxidant enzyme called glutathione peroxidase as well as promoting normal growth and supporting proper usage of iodine in thyroid functioning. Selenium also supports the antioxidant effect of vitamin E and is often added to vitamin E supplements. As part of the antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase, selenium plays a direct role in the body’s ability to protect cells from free radicals.*

Vitamin B12 (Methycobalamin)
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is naturally found in animal products, especially organ meats such as liver, with small amounts derived from peanuts and fermented soy products, such as miso and tempeh. It is essential that vegetarians consume a vitamin B12 supplement to maintain optimal health. Vitamin B12, when ingested, is stored in the liver and other tissues for later use. It supports the normal maintenance of cells, especially those of the nervous system, bone marrow and intestinal tract. Vitamin B12 supports normal homocysteine metabolism (homocysteine is an amino acid that is formed within the body). Normal homocysteine levels are important for maintaining cardiovascular health. Folate and B12, in their active coenzyme form, help to maintain healthy blood levels of homocysteine.* Methylcobalamin is one of the naturally occurring forms of vitamin B12 found in the human body. The liver must convert cyanocobalamin, the form of B12 most commonly used in supplements, into methylcobalamin before it can be properly utilized by the body; methylcobalamin is more effective than non-active forms of vitamin B12. Methylcobalamin also assists in the formation of SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine), a nutrient that positively impacts mood.* Vitamin B12 also promotes normal conversion of sulfur-containing compounds to glutathione, a powerful antioxidant in the body.*